Logic
... the study of propositions
and their use in argumentation.
From the Logic of Abstraction, Action,
Activity, and Actuality to the Logic
of Universality, Verbs, Vitalism, Vitality, and War.
The Britannica (EB) says this of Logic ... the study of propositions and their use
in argumentation.
The major task of logic
is to establish a systematic way of deducing the logical consequences of a
set of sentences. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary first to
identify or characterize the logical consequences of a set of sentences.
The procedures for deriving conclusions from a set of sentences then need
to be examined to verify that all logical consequences, and only those,
are deducible from that set. Finally, in recent times, the question has
been raised whether all the truths regarding some domain of interest can
be contained in a specifiable deductive system.
***
There are numerous
aspects to consider. These links provide direct access to the latest
thinking.
Pronunciation:
'lä-jik Function: noun Etymology: Middle English logik, from Middle
French logique, from Latin logica, from Greek logikE, from feminine of
logikos of reason, from logos reason -- more at LEGEND Date: 12th
century 1 a (1) : a science that deals with the principles and criteria
of validity of inference and demonstration : the science of the formal
principles of reasoning (2) : a branch or variety of logic <modal
logic> <Boolean logic> (3) : a branch of semiotic; especially :
SYNTACTICS (4) : the formal principles of a branch of knowledge b (1) : a
particular mode of reasoning viewed as valid or faulty (2) : RELEVANCE,
PROPRIETY c : interrelation or sequence of facts or events when seen as
inevitable or predictable d : the arrangement of circuit elements (as in a
computer) needed for computation; also : the circuits themselves 2 : something that forces a decision apart from or in
opposition to reason <the logic of war>.
This popular book helps readers
understand the difference between blindly accepting
information and critical analysis and synthesis. It teaches
how to react rationally to alternate points of view and
develop a foundation for making personal choices about what to
accept and what to reject in what we see and hear.Focusing on
the question-asking skills and techniques necessary for
evaluating different types of evidence, this book addresses
critical thinking as a generic skill with many applications
while emphasizing values and moral reasoning as an integral
part of critical thinking. It provides extensive treatment of
evidence while analyzing the biases that hinder critical
thinking. It includes a chapter-length illustration of the
system of "right" questions. The fifth edition of Asking
the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking has been
revised to be more readable and clear. It provides highlighted
definitions and illustrations that provide a more lively
format that clarifies complex or significant points. In
addition, Caution Boxes warn readers of common
misunderstandings that interfere with the effective use of an
idea or skill. An essential resource for every reader who
wishes greater clarity in what we see and hear every day.
The publishers describe this book as follows "Written by an
international assembly of leading philosophers, this volume
provides a survey of contemporary philosophy of language. As
well as providing a synoptic view of the key issues, figures,
concepts and debates, each essay makes new and original
contributions to ongoing debate. Topics covered include: rule
following, modality, realism, indeterminacy of translation,
inscrutability of reference, names and rigid designation,
Davidson´s programme, meaning and verification, intention and
convention, radical interpretation, tacit knowledge, metaphor,
causal theories of semantics, objects and criteria of
identity, theories of truth, force and pragmatics,
essentialism, demonstratives, reference and necessity,
identity, meaning and privacy of language, vagueness and the
sorites paradox, holisms, propositional attitudes,
analyticity. Taken together, this volume represents a key text
and indispensable reference for all students and specialists
in philosophy of language, philosophical logic, metaphysics
and epistemology. Contents : Introduction. Notes on
Contributors. Part I: Meaning and Theories of Meaning: 1.
Meaning and Truth Conditions: From Frege´s Grand Design to
Davidson´s: David Wiggins (University of Oxford). 2. Meaning,
Use, Verification: John Skorupski (University of St. Andrews).
3. Intention and Convention: Anita Avramides (St. Hilda´s
College, Oxford). 4. Pragmatics: Charles Travis (University of
Stirling). 5. A Guide to Naturalising Semantics: Barry Loewer
(Rutgers University). 6. Meaning and Privacy: Edward Craig
(University of Cambridge). 7. Tacit Knowledge: Alexander
Miller (University of Birmingham). 8. Radical Interpretation:
Jane Heal (University of Cambridge). 9. Propositional
Attitudes: Mark Richard (Tufts University). 10. Holism:
Christopher Peacocke (University of Oxford). 11. Metaphor:
Richard Moran (Harvard University). Part II: Language, Truth
and Reality: 12. Realism and its Oppositions: Bob Hale
(University of Glasgow). 13. Theories of Truth: Ralph C.S.
Walker (Magdalen College, Oxford). 14. Analyticity: Paul
Boghossian (New York University). 15. Rule-following,
Objectivity and Meaning: Bob Hale (University of Glasgow). 16.
The Indeterminacy of Translation: Crispin Wright (St. Andrews
University). 17. Putnam´s Model-theoretic Argument Against
Metaphysical Realism: Bob Hale and Crispin Wright (University
of Glasgow and St. Andrews University). 18. Sorites: R.M.
Sainsbury and Timothy Williamson (King´s College, London and
University of Edinburgh). Part III: Reference, Identity and
Necessity: 19. Modality: Bob Hale (University of Glasgow). 20.
Essentialism: Graeme Forbes (Tulane University). 21. Reference
and Necessity: Robert Stalnaker (MIT). 22. Rigid Designation:
Jason Stanley (Cornell University). 23. Indexicals and
Demonstratives: John Perry (Stanford University). 24. Objects
and Criteria of Identity: E.J. Lowe (University of Durham).
25. Relative Identity: Harold Noonan (University of
Birmingham). Glossary. Index."
a reader says of this book "short,
concise, well-written book; a very readable (and affordalbe)
survey of informal logic/logical fallacies. it's length is
nice, esp. if you need help with this topic but are pressed
for time or swamped by other reading (i.e. are a law student).
note: this might be useful in preparing for the LSAT, since
half of the LSAT tests your skills in informal logic and
analyzing arguments. i found this to be better than "the art
of deception" in both style and content (and it's shorter and
less expensive too)."
Pronunciation: 'l&k-sh(&-)rE,
-zh(&-)rE Function: noun Inflected Form(s): plural
-ries Etymology: Middle English luxurie, from
Middle French, from Latin luxuria rankness, luxury, excess;
akin to Latin luxus luxury, excess Date: 14th
century 1 archaic : LECHERY, LUST 2 : a
condition of abundance or great ease and comfort : sumptuous
environment <lived in luxury> 3 a :
something adding to pleasure or comfort but not absolutely
necessary b : an indulgence in something that provides
pleasure, satisfaction, or ease.
The
Idea of Luxury : A Conceptual and Historical
Investigation by
Christopher J. Berry In this
far-ranging and innovative study Christopher Berry explores
the meanings and ramifications of the idea of luxury. Insights
from political theory, philosophy and intellectual history are
utilised in a sophisticated conceptual analysis that is
complemented by a series of specific historical
investigations. Dr. Berry suggests that the value attached to
luxury is a crucial component in any society's
self-understanding, and shows how luxury has changed from
being essentially a negative term, threatening social virtue,
to a guileless ploy supporting consumption. His analytic focus
upon the interplay between the notions of need and desire
suggests that luxuries fall into four categories--sustenance,
shelter, clothing and leisure--and these are exemplified in
sources as diverse as classical philosophy and contemporary
advertising.
Luxury
Fever by Robert H. Frank "a serious examination of the
long-term costs associated with our society's
ever-accelerating spiral of conspicuous consumption, followed
by a far-reaching remedy that will intrigue anyone concerned
with related fiscal issues. Robert Frank, a Cornell University
professor of economics, ethics, and public policy, who
previously coauthored The Winner-Take-All Society,
believes neither foolishness nor greed is really responsible
for our relentless desire to own flashier household
appliances, bigger sport-utility vehicles, and fancier
suburban houses; rather, he contends, it is the ongoing
behavior of our peers which ultimately determines how much we
spend and how we spend it. Frank goes on to claim, however,
that this knowledge alone may actually point us toward an
alternative that is both acceptable and practical. "By a
simple and easily achieved rearrangement of our current
consumption incentives," he writes, "we can effectively enrich
ourselves by literally trillions of dollars a year." He then
goes on to discuss the recent boom in luxury spending, its
potential implications for those at all income levels, his
suggestions for altering current consumption patterns, and the
reasons that redirecting these funds could benefit everyone."
- review.
Carrie says: If you can't find your dream home in
this book, it may not exist in any book! While it only
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Each home is covered in four or more pages, with color
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anyone looking for a luxury home to build. Each one has
many details and there are homes ranging from 3,000 to
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A list of references selected for contribution towards a
just, Pareto-oriented, self actualization. If you are ready for
serious matters, get a glimpse via the links and treat yourself to
