(aka PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD and OLD STONE AGE) - ancient cultural
stage level, of human development, characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools.
During the Lower Paleolithic Period (about 2,500,000 to 200,000 years ago), simple pebble tools have been found in association with the remains of what may have been the earliest human ancestors.
The Chopper chopping-tool industry was widely distributed in the Eastern
Hemisphere (thought to have been the work of the hominid species named Homo erectus.)
700,000 years ago (Lower Paleolithic) the hand ax, appeared. Earliest known hand axes were found at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania).
Also developed around that time was the stone-tool industry, based on flakes of
stone. (Thse contributed to development of the Middle Paleolithic flake tools of the Mousterian industry
associated legacies of Neanderthal man. The Upper Paleolithic Period
about 40,000 years ago) saw emergence of regional stone-tool industries, such as the Perigordian, Aurignacian, Solutrean, and Magdalenian of
Europe. Two forms of Paleolithic art are known to modern scholars: small sculptures; and monumental paintings, incised designs, and reliefs on the walls of
caves. (from the britannica)
Read more about
the Paleolithic in
The
Paleolithic Societies of Europe -- Clive Gamble --Palaeolithic
societies have been a neglected topic in the discussion of human origins. But in
the past forty years archaeologists have recovered a wealth of information from
Palaeolithic sites throughout the continent, revealing many illuminating facets
of social life over this 500,000-year period. Clive Gamble, introducing a new
approach to this material, interrogates the data for information on the scale of
social interaction, and the forms of social existence. The result is a
reconstruction of ancient human societies, and a fresh perspective on the unique
experience of human beings.
The
Paleolithic of Siberia : New Discoveries and Interpretations -- Anatoliy P.
Derev'Anko(Editor), et al; Hardcover
- Beyond
Art : Pleistocene Image and Symbol (Wattis Symposium Series in Anthropology)
- Margaret W. Conkey(Editor), et al / Paperback / Published 1997
- Breaking
Through : A Narrative of the Great Work
- Andre Vandenbroeck, Colin Wilson (Introduction) / Paperback / Published
1996
 In
Breaking Through, Tallini, an Italian filmmaker searching for his
next subject, becomes obsessed with the Paleolithic culture of southern
Spain. The novel is an allegory on the conflict between science and
spirituality. For the avant-garde.
- The
Cave Beneath the Sea : Paleolithic Images at Cosquer
- Jean Clottes, et al / Hardcover / Published 1996 --- In 1991, a
professional diver named Henri Cosquer discovered a wealth of prehistoric
art in a cave near Marseilles, France. The opening to the cave, once several
miles inland from the Mediterranean, became submerged when the sea began to
rise at the end of the last ice age, about 12,000 years ago. Since that
time, no human had entered this deep cavern or seen the paintings and
engravings of animals, human hands, and signs that cover the walls and
ceilings until Cosquer swam cautiously up the flooded entrance passage. News
of Cosquer's extraordinary find flashed around the world. The French
Ministry of Culture immediately sent two eminent archaeologists, Jean
Clottes and Jean Courtin, to study the cave. Assisted by teams of
specialists, they carried out two diving missions to the site, in 1991 and
1992. This book describes what they found and provides the first complete
photographic documentation of this incredible site, one of the major
decorated caves of Europe. Because charcoal and charcoal pigment were
found in such abundance at the site, and because the archaeological context
was undisturbed, Cosquer is now one of the most thoroughly and firmly
dated Paleolithic caves in the world. Thanks to a series of twelve
radiocarbon dates, we know that the images at Cosquer were made during two
different eras. The stenciled hands are extremely ancient, created about
27,000 years ago. The land animals - cold-loving plains horses, ibex,
chamois, aurochs, and the huge ice-age deer called megaloceros - are some
18,500 years old
- Cave
of Altamira
- Antonio Beltran(Editor), et al / Hardcover / Published 1999
- A
Concise Economic History of the World : From Paleolithic Times to the
Present
- Rondo Cameron / Paperback / Published 1997
 The
third edition of this highly successful text takes a broad look at the
world's economic history from pre-historic times to the present.
- The
Dawn of Belief : Religion in the Upper Paleolithic of Southwestern Europe
- D. Bruce Dickson / Paperback / Published 1992
- Fairweather
Eden : Life Half a Million Years Ago As Revealed by the Excavations at
Boxgrove
- Michael Pitts, Mark Roberts / Hardcover / Published 1998
- The
Great Goddess : Reverence of the Divine Feminine from the Paleolithic to the
Present
- Jean Markale / Paperback / Published 2000
- Journey
Through the Ice Age
- Paul G. Bahn, Jean Vertut (Photographer) / Hardcover / Published 1997
-- Some of the oldest art in the world is the subject of this riveting
and beautiful book. Bahn and Vertut explore carved objects and wall art
discoveries from the Ice Age, covering the period from 300,000 B.C. to
40,000 B.C., and their collaboration marks a signal event for archaeologists
and lay readers alike. 150 full-color illustrations, 50 b&w
illustrations.
- Life
in the Great Ice Age
- Michael J. Oard, et al / Hardcover / Published 1996
- The
Menil Collection : A Selection from the Paleolithic to the Modern Era
- Walter Hopps, Dominique De Menil / Hardcover / Published 1997
- The
Neanderthal Legacy : An Archaeological Perspective from Western Europe
 Paul Mellars / Hardcover / Published 1996
-- The Neanderthals populated western Europe from nearly 250,000 to 30,000
years ago when they disappeared from the archaeological record. In turn,
populations of anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens, came to dominate
the area. Seeking to understand the nature of this replacement, which has
become a hotly debated issue, Paul Mellars brings together an unprecedented
amount of information on the behavior of Neanderthals. His comprehensive
overview ranges from the evidence of tool manufacture and related patterns
of lithic technology, through the issues of subsistence and settlement
patterns, to the more controversial evidence for social organization,
cognition, and intelligence. Mellars argues that previous attempts to
characterize Neanderthal behavior as either "modern" or
"ape-like" are both overstatements. We can better comprehend the
replacement of Neanderthals, he maintains, by concentrating on the social
and demographic structure of Neanderthal populations and on their specific
adaptations to the harsh ecological conditions of the last glaciation.
Mellars's approach to these issues is grounded firmly in his archaeological
evidence. He illustrates the implications of these findings by drawing from
the methods of comparative socioecology, primate studies, and Pleistocene
paleoecology. The book provides a detailed review of the climatic and
environmental background to Neanderthal occupation in Europe, and of the
currently topical issues of the behavioral and biological transition from
Neanderthal to fully "modern" populations.
- The
Paleolithic of Siberia : New Discoveries and Interpretations
- Anatoliy P. Derev'Anko(Editor), et al / Hardcover / Published 1998
- Prehistoric
Art and Civilization (Discoveries)
- Denis Vialou / Paperback / Published 1998
- Saber
Tooth Curriculum : Including Other Lectures in the History of Paleolithic
Education
- J. Abner Peddiwell, Harold H. Benjamin / Paperback / Published 1959
- After
the Australopithecines : Stratigraphy, Ecology, and Culture, Change in the
Middle Pleistocene
- Aldine Gn771 .A375 / Hardcover / Published 1975
- Archaeological
Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans : A View from the Levant
- Daniel Kaufman / Hardcover / Published 1999
- The
Archaeology of Human Ancestry : Power, Sex and Tradition (Theoretical
Archaeology Group (Series))
- James Steele(Editor), Stephen Shennan (Editor) / Hardcover / Published
1996
- The
Archaeology of Solvieux : An Upper Paleolithic Open Air Site in France (Monumenta
Archaeologica (Univ of California, Los Angeles. Institute of arc
- James Sackett, Jean Gaussen / Hardcover / Published 1998
- The
Archaeology of the Wadi Al-Hasa, West-Central Jordan, Volume 1: Surveys,
Settlement Patterns and Paleoenvironments
- N.R. Coinman / Paperback / Published 1998
- Beyond
Art : Pleistocene Image and Symbol (Wattis Symposium Series in Anthropology)
- Margaret W. Conkey(Editor), et al / Hardcover / Published 1997
- Cave
Bears and Modern Human Origins : The Spatial Taphonomy of Pod Hradem Cave,
Czech Republic
- Robert H. Gargett / Hardcover / Published 1996
- A
Concise Economic History of the World : From Paleolithic Times to the
Present
- Rondo Cameron / Hardcover / Published 1997
- Context
of a Late Neandertal : Implications of Multidisciplinary Research for the
Transistion to Upper Paleolithic Adaptations at Saint-Cesaire, Char
- Francois Leveque(Editor), et al / Paperback / Published 1993
- Early
Hominid Activities at Olduvai (Foundations of Human Behaviour)
- Richard Potts / Hardcover / Published 1988
- Early
Human Behaviour in the Global Context : The Rise and Diversity of the Lower
Paleolithic Record (One World Archaeology, Vol 28)
- Michael D. Petraglia(Editor), Ravi Korisettar (Editor) / Hardcover /
Published 1999
- Early
Man in China (Peking Institute De Geo-Biologie)
- Pierre Teilhard De Chardin / Hardcover / Published 1977
- Early
Paleolithic in South and East Asia
- Fumiko Ikawa-Smith / Hardcover / Published 1976
- Egypt
During the Last Interglacial : The Middle Paleolithic of Bir Tarfawi and Bir
Sahara East
- Fred Wendorf, et al / Hardcover / Published 1993
- The
Emergence of Modern Humans : An Archaeological Perspective
- Paul Mellars(Editor) / Hardcover / Published 1991
- The
Evolution of Human Hunting
- Matthew H. Nitecki, Doris V. Nitecki (Editor) / Hardcover / Published 1988
- French
Paleolithic Collections in the Logan Museum of Anthropology (Logan Museum
Bulletin Series, Vol 1, No 2)
- Randall White(Editor) / Paperback / Published 1991
- From
Kostenki to Clovis : Upper Paleolithic-Paleo-Indian Adaptations
(Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology)
- Olga Soffer, N. D. Praslov (Editor) / Hardcover / Published 1993
- Handbook
of Paleolithic Typology : Lower and Middle Paleolithic of Europe
- Andre Debenath, Harold L. Dibble / Paperback / Published 1994
- Honor
Among Thieves : A Zooarchaeological Study of Neandertal Ecology
- Mary C. Stiner / Hardcover / Published 1994
- A
Hunter-Gatherer Landscape : Southwest Germany in the Late Paleolithic and
Mesolithic (Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology)
- Michael A. Jochim / Hardcover / Published 1998This superb survey of
hunter-gatherer societies in Southwest Germany presents an overview of the
archaeological record for three periods-- the Late Paleolithic, the Early
Mesolithic, and the Late Mesolithic. Michael A. Jochim employs his
rigorously materialist orientation to suggest certain possibilities about
the general organization of settlements, subsistence, and social relations
of the cultures in question. He also discusses the data within the context
of human events in western Europe during the same periods. The text is
accompanied by 115 illustrations
- A
Hunter-Gatherer Landscape : Southwest Germany in the Late Paleolithic and
Mesolithic (Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology)
- Michael A. Jochim / Paperback / Published 1998
- Hunters
Between East and West : The Paleolithic of Moravia (Interdisciplinary
Contributions to Archaeology)
- Jiri Svoboda, et al / Hardcover / Published 1996
- An
Ice Age Hunter (Everyday Life Series)
- Giovanni Caselli / Library Binding / Published 1992
- Late
Quaternary Chronology and Paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean
- Ofer Bar-Yosef, Renee S. Kra (Editor) / Paperback / Published 1994
- Late
Stone Age Hunters of the British Isles
- Christopher Smith / Hardcover / Published 1992
- The
Lower Paleolithic Site at Hoxne, England
- Ronald Singer, et al / Hardcover / Published 1993
- The
Middle Paleolithic : Adaptation, Behavior, and Variability (University
Museum Monograph, No 78)
- Harold L. Dibble, Paul Mellars Mellars (Editor) / Hardcover / Published
1992
- The
Middle Paleolithic Site of Combe-Capelle Bas (France) (France)
- Harold L. Dibble, M. Lenoir / Hardcover / Published 1995
- Origins
of Anatomically Modern Humans (Interdisciplinary Contributions to
Archaeology)
- Matthew H. Nitecki, Doris V. Nitecki (Editor) / Hardcover / Published 1994
The
Szeletian and the Transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic on Central Europe
-- P. Allsworth-Jones; Hardcover
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